CKS is no longer commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). NICE remains committed to providing a replacement service for CKS and is currently reviewing its options. In the meantime, although CKS content is now not being maintained, it still remains relevant and will continue to be made available. CKS content was generated under a programme of topic creation and update. To check if the topic you are viewing is current or out of date, please refer to the topic publication details by clicking on the 'How up-to-date is this topic?' link in the left hand menu on individual topic pages.
Bacterial vaginosis - Evidence
References
All references with links to [Free Full-text] are freely available online to users in the UK. Links to PubMed abstracts are also provided where available. CKS is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Free Full-text links are to dynamic documents that may have been updated since they were originally cited in the CKS topic. All links are checked regularly by CKS Information Specialists and updated to the latest version. Changes in the content of updated documents will not be reflected in the CKS topic text until the next revision.
The following references were cited in April 2009. References cited after this date reflect new evidence incorporated since original publication of this topic.
- ABPI Medicines Compendium (2008) Summary of product characteristics for Flagyl tablets 200mg and 400mg. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Ltd. www.emc.medicines.org.uk [Free Full-text]
- Alfonsi, G.A., Shlay, J.C. and Parker, S. (2004) What is the best approach for managing recurrent bacterial vaginosis? Journal of Family Practice 53(8), 650-652. [Free Full-text]
- Andersch, B., Lindell, D., Dahlen, I. and Brandberg, A. (1990) Bacterial vaginosis and the effect of intermittent prophylactic treatment with an acid lactate gel. Gynecologic & Obstetric Investigation 30(2), 114-119. [Abstract]
- Austin, M.N., Beigi, R.H., Meyn, L.A. and Hillier, S.L. (2005) Microbiologic response to treatment of bacterial vaginosis with topical clindamycin or metronidazole. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43(9), 4492-4497. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- BASHH (2004) Recommendations from the Bacterial Special Interest Group of BASHH: testing for sexually transmitted infections in primary care settings. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. www.bashh.org [Free Full-text]
- BASHH (2006) National guideline for the management of bacterial vaginosis. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. www.bashh.org [Free Full-text]
- Baxter, K. (Ed.) (2008) Stockley's drug interactions: a source book of interactions, their mechanisms, clinical importance and management. 8th edn. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
- BNF 56 (2008) British National Formulary. 56th edn. London: British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
- Boeke, A.J., Dekker, J.H., van Eijk, J.T. et al. (1993) Effect of lactic acid suppositories compared with oral metronidazole and placebo in bacterial vaginosis: a randomised clinical trial. Genitourinary Medicine 69(5), 388-392. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- Crowley, T., Low, N., Turner, A. et al. (2001) Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent post-abortal upper genital tract infection in women with bacterial vaginosis: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 108(4), 396-402. [Abstract]
- Decena, D.C., Co, J.T., Manalastas, R.M. et al. (2006) Metronidazole with Lactacyd vaginal gel in bacterial vaginosis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 32(2), 243-251. [Abstract]
- de Ruiter, A., Mercey, D., Anderson, J. et al. (2008) British HIV Association and Children's HIV Association guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2008. HIV Medicine 9(7), 452-502. [Free Full-text]
- FFPRHC and BASHH (2006) The management of women of reproductive age attending non-genitourinary medicine settings complaining of vaginal discharge. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 32(1), 33-42. [Free Full-text]
- FSRH (2007) FSRH guidance (November 2007): intrauterine contraception. Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. www.ffprhc.org.uk [Free Full-text]
- Holley, R.L., Richter, H.E., Varner, R.E. et al. (2004) A randomized, double-blind clinical trial of vaginal acidification versus placebo for the treatment of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 31(4), 236-238. [Abstract]
- HPA (2008) Management of abnormal vaginal discharge in women. Quick reference guide for primary care for consultation and local adaptation. Health Protection Agency. www.hpa.org.uk
- Joesoef, M.R. and Schmid, G.P. (1995) Bacterial vaginosis: review of treatment options and potential clinical indications for therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20(Suppl 1), S72-S79. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- Joesoef, M.R. and Schmid, G. (2007) Bacterial vaginosis. Clinical Evidence. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. www.clinicalevidence.com
- Joesoef, M.R., Schmid, G.P. and Hillier, S.L. (1999) Bacterial vaginosis: review of treatment options and potential clinical indications for therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 28(Suppl 1), S57-S65. [Abstract]
- Koumans, E.H., Markowitz, L.E., Hogan, V. and CDC BV Working Group (2002) Indications for therapy and treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant and pregnant women: a synthesis of data. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35(Suppl 2), S152-S172. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- Larsson, P.G., Platz-Christensen, J.J., Thejls, H. et al. (1992) Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 166(1 Pt 1), 100-103. [Abstract]
- Larsson, P.G., Platz-Christensen, J.J., Dalaker, K. et al. (2000) Treatment with 2% clindamycin vaginal cream prior to first trimester surgical abortion to reduce signs of postoperative infection: a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 79(5), 390-396. [Abstract]
- Larsson, P.G., Stray-Pedersen, B., Ryttig, K.R. and Larsen, S. (2008) Human lactobacilli as supplementation of clindamycin to patients with bacterial vaginosis reduce the recurrence rate; a 6-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BMC Women's Health 8(Jan), 3. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- Livengood, C.H., Soper, D.E., Sheehan, K.L. et al. (1999) Comparison of once-daily and twice-daily dosing of 0.75% metronidazole gel in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 26(3), 137-142. [Abstract]
- Marcone, V., Calzolari, E. and Bertini, M. (2008) Effectiveness of vaginal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus following conventional metronidazole therapy: how to lower the rate of bacterial vaginosis recurrences. New Microbiologica 31(3), 429-433. [Abstract]
- McDonald, H.M., Brocklehurst, P. and Gordon, A. (2007) Antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Issue 1. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. www.thecochranelibrary.com [Free Full-text]
- Micromedex (2009) MICROMEDEX [CD-ROM]. (Vol 135, 1st quarter 2009). Thomson Healthcare.
- NHS Lothian (2008) Vaginal discharge: primary care management. RefHelp: Lothian referral guidelines. www.refhelp.scot.nhs.uk
- NICE (2008) Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman (NICE guideline). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. www.nice.org.uk [Free Full-text]
- NPIS (2008) Use of metronidazole in pregnancy. TOXBASE. National Poisons Information Service. www.toxbase.org
- Okun, N., Gronau, K.A. and Hannah, M.E. (2005) Antibiotics for bacterial vaginosis or Trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy: a systematic review. Obstetrics and Gynecology 105(4), 857-868. [Abstract]
- Paavonen, J., Mangioni, C., Martin, M.A. and Wajszczuk, C.P. (2000) Vaginal clindamycin and oral metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis: a randomized trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology 96(2), 256-260. [Abstract]
- Passmore, C.M., McElnay, J.C., Rainey, E.A. and D'Arcy, P.F. (1988) Metronidazole excretion in human milk and its effect on the suckling neonate. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 26(1), 45-51. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- Public Health Agency of Canada (2008) Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections: vaginal discharge (bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis). Public Health Agency of Canada. www.phac-aspc.gc.ca [Free Full-text]
- RCGP and BASHH (2006) Sexually transmitted infections in primary care. Royal College of General Practitioners. www.rcgp.org.uk [Free Full-text]
- Riggs, M.A. and Klebanoff, M.A. (2004) Treatment of vaginal infections to prevent preterm birth: a meta-analysis. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology 47(4), 796-807.
- Shalev, E., Battino, S., Weiner, E. et al. (1996) Ingestion of yogurt containing lactobacillus acidophilus compared with pasteurized yogurt as prophylaxis for recurrent candidal vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. Archives of Family Medicine 5(10), 593-596. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- Shennan, A., Crawshaw, S., Briley, A. et al. (2006) A randomised controlled trial of metronidazole for the prevention of preterm birth in women positive for cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin: the PREMET Study. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 113(1), 65-74. [Abstract]
- Simoes, J.A., Bahamondes, L.G., Camargo, R.P. et al. (2006) A pilot clinical trial comparing an acid-buffering formulation (ACIDFORM gel) with metronidazole gel for the treatment of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 61(2), 211-217. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
- Sobel, J.D. (1997) Vaginitis. New England Journal of Medicine 337(26), 1896-1903.
- Sobel, J.D., Ferris, D., Schwebke, J. et al. (2006) Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194(5), 1283-1289. [Abstract]
- Wawer, M.J., Sewankambo, N.K., Serwadda, D. et al. (1999) Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community trial. Rakai Project Study Group. Lancet 353(9152), 525-535. [Abstract]
- Weiner, C.P. and Buhimschi, C. (Eds.) (2004) Drugs for pregnant and lactating women. London: Churchill Livingstone.
- Wilson, J.D., Shann, S.M., Brady, S.K. et al. (2005) Recurrent bacterial vaginosis: the use of maintenance acidic vaginal gel following treatment. International Journal of STD & AIDS 16(11), 736-738. [Abstract]
© NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement