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Breathlessness - Management
Basis for recommendation
Clinical features of pulmonary embolism
- These are based on evidence from a diagnostic study of the clinical features associated with confirmed pulmonary embolism [Stein et al, 1991].
Clinical features of pneumothorax
- These are based on expert observation reported in the Oxford textbook of medicine [Davies et al, 2010].
Clinical features of tension pneumothorax
- These are based on expert observation reported in the Oxford handbook of general practice [Simon et al, 2010].
Clinical features of asthma
- These are based on expert observation, supported by observational studies reported in the British guideline on the management of asthma, issued by the British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN and BTS, 2009].
Clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- These are based on expert observation reported in the guideline Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: national clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care [National Clinical Guideline Centre, 2010].
Clinical features of bronchiectasis
- These are based on a summary of the evidence from observational studies, reported in the British thoracic society guideline for non-CF bronchiectasis [British Thoracic Society, 2010].
Diagnostic criteria for clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia
Clinical features of interstitial lung disease
Clinical features of lung/lobar collapse
Clinical features of pleural effusion
- These are based on expert observation reported in the Oxford textbook of medicine [Davies et al, 2010].
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