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Fungal nail infection (onychomycosis) - Evidence
References

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The following references were cited in May 2009. References cited after this date reflect new evidence incorporated since original publication of this topic.

  1. ABPI Medicines Compendium (2007a) Summary of product characteristics for Curanail 5% nail lacquer. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Ltd. www.emc.medicines.org.uk [Free Full-text]
  2. ABPI Medicines Compendium (2007b) Summary of product characteristics for Loceryl nail lacquer 5%. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Ltd. www.emc.medicines.org.uk [Free Full-text]
  3. ABPI Medicines Compendium (2007c) Summary of product characteristics for Trosyl nail solution. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Ltd. www.emc.medicines.org.uk [Free Full-text]
  4. ABPI Medicines Compendium (2008) Summary of product characteristics for Sporanox capsules. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Ltd. www.emc.medicines.org.uk [Free Full-text]
  5. ABPI Medicines Compendium (2009a) Summary of product characteristics for Lamisil tablets 250 mg. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Ltd. www.emc.medicines.org.uk [Free Full-text]
  6. ABPI Medicines Compendium (2009b) Summary of product characteristics for Sporanox capsules. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Datapharm Communications Ltd. www.emc.medicines.org.uk [Free Full-text]
  7. Avner, S., Nir, N., Baruch, K. and Henri, T. (2006) Two novel itraconazole pulse therapies for onychomycosis: a 2-year follow-up. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 17(2), 117-20. [Abstract]
  8. Baran, R. (2001) Topical amorolfine for 15 months combined with 12 weeks of oral terbinafine, a cost-effective treatment for onychomycosis. British Journal of Dermatology 145(S60), 15-19. [Abstract]
  9. Baran, R., Belaich, S., Beylot, C. et al. (1997) Comparative multicentre double-blind study of terbinafine (250 mg per day) versus griseofulvin (1 g per day) in the treatment of dermatophyte onychomycosis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 8(2), 93-97.
  10. Baran, R., Feuilhade, M., Combernale, P. et al. (2000) A randomized trial of amorolfine 5% solution nail lacquer combined with oral terbinafine compared with terbinafine alone in the treatment of dermatophytic toenail onychomycoses affecting the matrix region. British Journal of Dermatology 142(6), 1177-1183. [Abstract]
  11. Baran, R., Sigurgeirsson, B., de Berker, D. et al. (2007) A multicentre, randomized, controlled study of the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of a combination therapy with amorolfine nail lacquer and oral terbinafine compared with oral terbinafine alone for the treatment of onychomycosis with matrix involvement. British Journal of Dermatology 157(1), 149-157. [Abstract]
  12. BNF 57 (2009) British National Formulary. 57th edn. London: British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
  13. Buck, D.S., Nidorf, D.M. and Addino, J.G. (1994) Comparison of two topical preparations for the treatment of onychomycosis: Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and clotrimazole. Journal of Family Practice 38(6), 601-605. [Abstract]
  14. Chang, C.H., Young-Xu, Y., Kurth, T. et al. (2007) The safety of oral antifungal treatments for superficial dermatophytosis and onychomycosis: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Medicine 120(9), 791-798. [Abstract]
  15. Crawford, F. and Ferrari, J. (2007) Fungal toenail infections. Clinical Evidence. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. www.clinicalevidence.com
  16. Crawford, F. and Hollis, S. (2007) Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Issue 3. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. www.thecochranelibrary.com [Free Full-text]
  17. Crawford, F., Young, P., Godfrey, C. et al. (2002) Oral treatments for toenail onychomycosis: a systematic review. Archives of Dermatology 138(6), 811-816. [Abstract]
  18. CSM (2001) Cardiodepressant effects of itraconazole (Sporanox). Current Problems in Pharmacovigilance 27(Aug), 11-12. [Free Full-text]
  19. DTB (2008) How should fungal nail infection be treated? Drug & Therapeutics Bulletin 46(1), 3-8. [Abstract]
  20. Faergemann, J., Anderson, C., Hersle, K. et al. (1995) Double-blind, parallel-group comparison of terbinafine and griseofulvin in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 32(5 Pt 1), 750-753. [Abstract]
  21. Faergemann, J, , Correia, O., Nowicki, R. and Ro, B.I. (2005) Genetic predisposition: understanding underlying mechanisms of onychomycosis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19(Suppl 1), 17-19. [Abstract]
  22. Finch, J.J. and Warshaw, E.M. (2007) Toenail onychomycosis: current and future treatment options. Dermatologic Therapy 20(1), 31-46. [Abstract]
  23. Glasziou, P. and Doll, H. (2006) Was the study big enough? Two café rules. Evidence-based Medicine 11(3), 69-70.
  24. Gupta, A.K. and Gregurek-Novak, T. (2001) Efficacy of itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole, griseofulvin and ketoconazole in the treatment of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis causing onychomycosis of the toes. Dermatology 202(3), 235-238. [Abstract]
  25. Gupta, A.K., Lynde, C.W., Jain, H.C. et al. (1997) A higher prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatics compared with non-psoriatics: a multicentre study. British Journal of Dermatology 136(5), 786-789. [Abstract]
  26. Gupta, A.K., De Doncker, P. and Haneke, E. (2000) Itraconazole pulse therapy for the treatment of Candida onychomycosis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15(2), 112-115. [Abstract]
  27. Gupta, A.K., Gover, M.D. and Lynde, C.W. (2006) Pulse itraconazole vs. continuous terbinafine for the treatment of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 20(10), 1188-1193. [Abstract]
  28. Haneke, E., Tausch, I., Brautigam, M. et al. (1995) Short-duration treatment of fingernail dermatophytosis: a randomized, double-blind study with terbinafine and griseofulvin. LAGOS III Study Group. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 32(1), 72-77. [Abstract]
  29. Hofmann, H., Brautigam, M., Weidinger, G. and Zaun, H. (1995) Treatment of toenail onychomycosis. A randomized, double-blind study with terbinafine and griseofulvin. LAGOS II Study Group. Archives of Dermatology 131(8), 919-922. [Abstract]
  30. HPA (2009) Fungal skin & nail infections: diagnosis & laboratory investigation: quick reference guide for primary care. Health Protection Agency. www.hpa.org.uk [Free Full-text]
  31. Jaiswal, A., Sharma, R.P. and Garg, A.P. (2007) An open randomized comparative study to test the efficacy and safety of oral terbinafine pulse as a monotherapy and in combination with topical ciclopirox olamine 8% or topical amorolfine hydrochloride 5% in the treatment of onychomycosis. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 73(6), 393-396. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
  32. Johnson, E.M. (2009) Personal communication. Director, Mycology Reference Laboratory and the National Collection of Pathogenic Fungi, The HPA Centre for Infections: Bristol.
  33. Lebwohl, M.G., Daniel, C.R., Leyden, J. et al. (2001) Efficacy and safety of terbinafine for nondermatophyte and mixed nondermatophyte and dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis. International Journal of Dermatology 40(5), 358-360.
  34. Lecha, M. (2001) Amorolfine and itraconazole combination for severe toenail onychomycosis; results of an open randomized trial in Spain. British Journal of Dermatology 145(Suppl 60), 21-26. [Abstract]
  35. Lestringant, G.G., Nsanze, H., Nada, M. et al. (1996) Effectiveness of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer in the treatment of long-duration Candida onychomycosis with chronic paronychia. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 7(2), 89-92.
  36. Lynde, C. (2001) Nail disorders that mimic onychomycosis: what to consider. Cutis 68(2 Suppl), 8-12. [Abstract]
  37. Mensing, H., Ploak-Wyss, A. and Splanemann, V. (1992) Determination of the subungual antifungal activity of amorolfine after 1 month's treatment in patients with onychomycosis: comparison of two nail lacquer formulations. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 17(Suppl 1), 29-32.
  38. olde Hartman, T.C. and van Rijswijk, E. (2008) Fungal nail infection. British Medical Journal 337(7664), 290-291.
  39. Reinel, D. (1992) Topical treatment of onychomycosis with amorolfine 5% nail lacquer: comparative efficacy and tolerability of once and twice weekly use. Dermatology 184(Suppl 1), 21-24. [Abstract]
  40. Rigopoulos, D., Katoulis, A.C., Ioannides, D. et al. (2003) A randomized trial of amorolfine 5% solution nail lacquer in association with itraconazole pulse therapy compared with itraconazole alone in the treatment of Candida fingernail onychomycosis. British Journal of Dermatology 149(1), 151-156. [Abstract]
  41. Roberts, D.T., Taylor, W.D., Boyle, J. and British Association of Dermatologists (2003) Guidelines for treatment of onychomycosis. British Journal of Dermatology 148(3), 402-410. [Abstract]
  42. Romero-Cerecero, O., Zamilpa, A., Jiménez-Ferrer, J.E. et al. (2008) Double-blind clinical trial for evaluating the effectiveness and tolerability of Ageratina pichinchensis extract on patients with mild to moderate onychomycosis. A comparative study with ciclopirox. Planta Medica 74(12), 1430-1435. [Abstract]
  43. Segal, R., Kritzman, A., Cividalli, L. et al. (1996) Treatment of Candida nail infection with terbinafine. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 35(6), 958-961. [Abstract]
  44. Shemer, A., Davidovici, B., Grunwald, M.H. et al. (2008) New criteria for the laboratory diagnosis of nondermatophyte moulds in onychomycosis. British Journal of Dermatology 160(1), 37-39. [Abstract]
  45. Sigurgeirsson, B., Olafsson, J.H., Steinsson, J.B. et al. (2002) Long-term effectiveness of treatment with terbinafine vs itraconazole in onychomycosis: a 5-year blinded prospective follow-up study. Archives of Dermatology 138(3), 353-357. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
  46. Sikder, A.U, Mamun, S.A., Chowdhury, A.H. et al. (2006) Study of oral itraconazole and terbinafine pulse therapy in onychomycosis. Mymensingh Medical Journal 15(1), 71-80. [Abstract]
  47. Sweetman, S.C. (2009) Martindale: the complete drug reference. MICROMEDEX [CD-ROM]. Vol 139. London: Thomson Reuters Healthcare.
  48. Szepietowski, J.C., Reich, A., Garlowska, E. et al. (2006) Factors influencing coexistence of toenail onychomycosis with tinea pedis and other dermatomycoses: a survey of 2761 patients. Archives of Dermatology 142(10), 1279-1284. [Abstract] [Free Full-text]
  49. Tosti, A., Piraccini, B.M., Stinchi, C. et al. (1996) Treatment of dermatophyte nail infections: an open randomized study comparing intermittent terbinafine therapy with continuous terbinafine treatment and intermittent itraconazole therapy. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 34(4), 595-600. [Abstract]
  50. Warshaw, E.M., Carver, S.M., Zielke, G.R. and Ahmed, D.D. (2001) Intermittent terbinafine for toenail onychomycosis: is it effective? Results of a randomized pilot trial. Archives of Dermatology 137(9), 1253.
  51. Warshaw, E.M., Fett, D.D., Bloomfield, H.E. et al. (2005) Pulse versus continuous terbinafine for onychomycosis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 53(4), 578-584. [Abstract]
  52. Williams, H.C. (1993) The epidemiology of onychomycosis in Britain. British Journal of Dermatology 129(2), 101-109.

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