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Hepatitis B - Management
Extrahepatic manifestations
- Extrahepatic manifestations may be seen in both acute and chronic hepatitis B. They are thought to be mediated by circulating immune complexes.
- Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis of small-to-medium-size arteries, which can present with fever, rash, hypertension, eosinophilia, abdominal pain, renal disease, and polyarthritis.
- Papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti–Crosti syndrome) is a rare but characteristic rash affecting children. It consists of flat, erythematous, and papular eruptions (2–3 mm) localized to the face and extremities. It persists for 15–20 days.
- Membranous glomerulonephritis is rare. It presents with proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. It is more common in children but progression to renal failure is more common in adults.
[James-Koziel and Thio, 2009]
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