• Advise regular oral care to reduce the risk of oral problems. See Self care.

In depth

• Brush the teeth twice a day with a soft toothbrush and fluoride-containing toothpaste, and rinse with water, or a fluoride or antiseptic mouthwash. Note: a 'sore mouth' toothpaste or a child's toothpaste with fluoride is often better tolerated.
• Rinse the mouth after each meal and at night with warm water or 0.9% sodium chloride solution (ready made or made up).
• If the tongue is heavily furred (especially if causing distress), brush with a soft toothbrush twice a day and use an antiseptic mouthwash, such as chlorhexidine.
• Use chlorhexidine mouthwash if gum disease is diagnosed.
• Take adequate fluids.
• Clean debris from the teeth. Dental floss, chewing pineapple, fresh or unsweetened, may help to remove debris.
• The frequency of mouth care should be increased to:
• Every 2 hours if there is a high risk of oral problems (any persons with advanced disease or neurological impairment, and/or those undergoing advanced treatment).
• Every hour in people at high risk or who have severe problems (e.g. oral infections, coma, severe mucositis, dehydration, immunosuppressed, diabetes, or needing oxygen therapy).
• Dentures should be removed at night and cleaned with a soft toothbrush and unperfumed soap or denture toothpaste. Seek the advice of a dentist regarding how to soak dentures overnight.

In depth

• Water or sodium chloride 0.9% solution are recommended.
• Chlorhexidine can be used in people who have, or are at risk of, secondary bacterial infection, including people that do not have their own teeth.
• Note: chlorhexidine is the most commonly used mouthwash. Other mouthwashes are available and selection is often based on personal preference.

In depth